From Aurora Borealis to Carpathians. Searching the Road to Regional and Rural Development

This paper aims at analysing the current regional and rural development tools available for Romania and Finland, as well as common encountered problems and differences in the local realities. The theoretical framework covers contemporary concepts typical for regional development and for rural development, such as learning regions, knowledge creation, social networks, innovation, bottom-up versus top-down approaches, and social, cultural and economical sustainable development. References to the specific problems encountered in remote areas or related to the communities with limited access to various resources are made and the existing policy trends are compared. Rural reality embraces very particular characteristics both in Romania and Finland. However, the history trends have been different and the actual situation of countries’ economy indicates a potential of learning in case of Romania and available solutions to similar problems in case of Finland. Still, transferring models and solutions is not an easy task and the particular challenges encountered in Nordic knowledge transfer projects are mentioned as a starting point helping to formulate assumptions related to the impediment to be expected in such a transfer case. Project Cycle Management in its newest version is brought in the discussion in an attempt to asses in what extent its recommendation could be useful and applied in the case of rural development programmes. The potential quality increase and the high technicality of the used terms are some of the analysed features of project Cycle Management. The concrete examples used in the paper are based on the interviews carried on by the authors in different and common research and evaluation projects in Finland and Romania. The paper brings into discussion the lacks existent in rural and regional development policy in an EU country and a accession one, as they appear using the initially proposed theoretical framework. Recommendations to be followed in the coming year are suggested in this paper evaluating comparatively some of the existent problems affecting local development

Solid State Lasers for Stereolithography

Stereolithography is a Rapid Prototyping & Manufacturing (RP&M) technique which is used to produce 3 dimensional plastic parts directly out computer files generated by CAD. Stereolithography systems use ultraviolet lasers to solidify liquid resin into the desired form as defined by the CAD file. In recent years, solid state laser technology has reached the point where it can be applied to stereolithography (SL). Frequency tripling of the powerful lines of diode pumped NdlYAG, Nd/YV04, and Nd/YLF lasers results in wavelengths of 355 nm (YAG, YV04), 351 nm (YLF), and 349 nm (YLF). All these lines are applicable for SL. Commercial diode pumped lasers with tens or even hundreds milliwatts in the ultraviolet are already available. Efficient frequency tripling of the Nd/YAG, Nd/YV04 , or Nd/YLF lasers requires pulsed operation. The pulse repetition rates at maximum average power are typically between 1 and 30 kHz. This talk describes the issues relating to the applications of pulsed all solid state lasers in SL.Mechanical Engineerin

Fabrication of Parts Containing Small Features using Stereolithography

The StereoLithography (SL) process has benefited from many advances in the last four to five years. These include new resins with reduced shrinkage and curl distortion, enhanced software, and improved scanning techniques. One can produce highly accurate parts for most dimensions within a few mils of the design value as shown in numerous accuracy and benchmarking studies. SLA systems use a laser beam focused to a spot size of 200 -250 ~m. This limits the range of applications where SL can provide accurate models to parts which do not contain very small features i. e. wall thickness values less than about 300 ~m. Industries that manufacture products involving components with small features include electronics and medical. In this presentation we describe an extension of the SL technology to applications involving small features. This capability is achieved by reducing the laser focal spot size in an SLA-250 to 75 ~m. The technological principle behind the spot size reduction is described in the presentation, together with process issues and applications ofthe technology.Mechanical Engineerin

Significance of the root connection on the dormancy release and vegetative bud burst of Norway spruce (Picea abies) seedlings in relation to accumulated chilling

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Mismatches in Gene Deletions and Kidney-related Proteins as Candidates for Histocompatibility Factors in Kidney Transplantation

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 International Society of NephrologyIntroduction: The genomic mismatch level between donor and recipient may be associated with the risk of rejection and graft survival. We determined the association of genome-level matching with acute rejection in deceased-donor kidney transplantation. Methods: The study cohort consists of 1025 recipient-donor pairs transplanted in a single center from 2007 to 2017 in Helsinki. The associations between the sums of whole-genome missense variant mismatches and missense mismatches in transmembrane, secretory, and kidney-related proteins, with acute rejection were estimated using Cox model. In addition, we analyzed 40 deletion-tagging variants using Cox model. Results: The association analysis between mismatch sums of kidney-related proteins and acute rejection resulted in an unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.30; P = 0.029) and adjusted HR of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.99–1.28; P = 0.071). In deletion analysis, a mismatch in rs7542235 genotype GG tagging a homozygous deletion at the complement factor H-related (CFHR), proteins locus, predisposed to acute rejection with an unadjusted HR of 3.10 (95% CI, 1.53–6.29; P = 0.002) and adjusted HR of 2.97 (95% CI, 1.46–6.05; P = 0.003). Conclusion: In conclusion, analyses of genome-level mismatches may be useful tools in prediction of transplantation outcome. The relative importance differs between populations, because we found evidence for CFHR deletion but could not replicate the finding of previously reported LIMS1 deletion.Peer reviewe

Tekes projekti SuperMachines loppuraportti

Tutkimuksessa kerättiin best practice aineistoa ja kehitettiin internet alusta kerätyn aineiston tutkimiseen ja hakujen suorittamiseen. Aineisto löytyy internet osoitteesta: http://www.amcase.info/. Rekisteröitymällä kuka vain voi syöttää alustalle lisää aineistoa. Kappaleiden suunnitteluohjeet on julkaistu Suomen pikavalmistusyhdistyksen sivuilla: http://firpa.fi/html/am-tietoa.html. Ohjeesta löytyy mm. suositeltu minimi seinämänvahvuus, suositellun pienimmän yksityiskohdan koko, tyypillinen markkinoilta löytyvä rakennuskammin koko, sekä tyypilliset materiaalit. Valmiiden kokoonpanojen ja mekanismien suunnitteluun muodostettiin Objet 30 ja UPrint SE+ laitteelle ohjeistus josta löytyy pienin radiaalinen välys, aksiaalinen välys, sekä pienin rako riippuen rakennussuunnasta. Tutkimusprojektin aikana seurattiin alan teknologian kehitystä. Kahden vuoden aikana markkinoille ilmaantui noin. 50 uutta laitevalmistajaa, sekä noin 300 erilaista laitetta, sekä lukuisia materiaaleja. Merkittävimmät uudistukset listattiin ja pohdittiin mahdollisia kehityssuuntia. Kaikki uudet toimijat ja laitteet päivitettiin Firpan ylläpitämään tietokantaan: http://firpa.fi/html/am-tietoa.html. Markkinoilla on selvä suuntaus tuotantokomponenttien valmistamiseen, kotitulostimien hintojen laskemiseen, sekä isompien kappaleiden valmistamiseen. Muovilevy komponenttien muovaamista tutkittiin laserin ja alipaineen avulla DDShape laitteella. Laitteella onnistuttiin tekemään testikappaleita ja laitetta saatiin kehitettyä eteenpäin. Laitteiston kehittämiseksi ja kaupallistamisen tueksi Tekes on myöntänyt "Tutkimusideoista uutta tietoa ja liiketoimintaa" (TUTLI) rahoituksen. ISF mini projektissa onnistuttiin kehittämään edullinen pienten kappaleiden painomuovauskone. Samalla kartoitettiin laitteelle soveltuvat parametrit ja rajoitukset. Laseravusteisella muovaamisella päästään kuparilla isompaan seinämän kaltevuuteen ja pinnalaatu pysyy hyvänä. Teräksellä laserista ei ollut juuri hyötyä ja alumiinilla muovattavuus kyllä parani, mutta pinnalaatu huononi. AM kappaleiden viimeistelykoneistuksessa tutkittiin muovisten kappaleiden viimeistely jyrsimällä, sekä metallikappaleiden automaattista hiontaa. Jyrsinnässä vertailtiin eri menetelmillä tehtyjä kappaleita, sekä mitattiin kappaleiden mittatarkkuutta ja geometrisia toleransseja. Huonosta kotitulostimella tehdystä kappaleesta on vaikea saada hyvää kappaletta vaikka se viimeisteltäisiin koneistamalla. Suurimmat ongelmat liittyvät kappaleiden vääntymiseen johtuen lämpöjännityksistä valmistusprosessin aikana. Kappaleiden automaattisessa hionnassa parhaat tulokset saatiin DMLS kappaleille käyttämällä hionta-aineena teräshauleja ja pyörittämällä niitä hiottavat kappaleen kanssa rummussa. Ra arvo parani tällöin noin seitsemästä mikrometristä kolmeen mikrometriin

Techno-economic prospects and desirability of 3D food printing:perspectives of industrial experts, researchers and consumers

3D food printing is an emerging food technology innovation that enables the personalization and on-demand production of edible products. While its academic and industrial relevance has increased over the past decade, the functional value of the technology remains largely unrealized on a commercial scale. This study aimed at updating the business outlook of 3D food printing so as to help entrepreneurs and researchers in the field to channel their research and development (R&D) activities. A three-phase mixed methods approach was utilized to gain perspectives of industrial experts, researchers, and potential consumers. Data were collected from two sets of interviews with experts, a survey with experts, and consumer focus group discussions. The results gave insights into key attributes and use cases for a 3D food printer system, including the techno-economic feasibility and consumer desirability of identified use cases. A business modelling workshop was then organized to translate these results into three refined value propositions for 3D food printing. Both the experts and consumers found personalized nutrition and convenience to be the most desirable aspects of 3D food printing. Accordingly, business models related to 3D printed snacks/meals in semi-public spaces such as fitness centers and hospitals were found to offer the highest business potential. While the technology might be mature enough at component level, the successful realization of such high-reward models however would require risk-taking during the developmental phase